Factors contributing to school dropout among students in nigeria. Hunter and may 2002 found that school fees were significant reason for the dropout. Why students drop out of school understanding why students drop out of school is the key to addressing this major educational problem. Very seldom do these students manage to prove the contrary. Dropouts themselves report a variety of reasons for leaving school see cdrp statistical brief 2, but these reasons do not reveal the underlying causes. School dropout has drawn attention because of these and other negative outcomes. Gender perspectives on causes and effects of school dropouts final paper 6 executive summary this paper adopts a gender lens to analyse the causes and effects of dropout from primary and secondary education in developing countries. There are some causes for girls dropout because of absenteeism. The factors also included pressure from peer groups. Pdf causes of student absenteeism and school dropouts. In pakistan there are so many children who leave the schools without completing their education.
Traditional customs often result in girls being dropped out of school at an early age to help manage the household. It was also found that teachers attitude, corporal punishment, death and sickness of parents lead to dropouts in schools. Possible reasons why at oyster bay primary school drop out. School administrators, teachers and parents all fight constantly to reduce the number of dropouts that occur at schools across the nation. Investigating factors that lead to school dropout in namibia. The total number of dropouts for each class in the selected schools was used together with the enrollments to determine the dropout rate for each class. Theories and reasons for high school dropouts k12 academics. Most zimbabwean resettlement areas have makeshift structures that accommodate schools.
Pdf characteristics and causes of school dropout in the countries. Dec 08, 2018 thus, the aim of this article is to identify factors that contribute to the increase in the dropout rate of school children in nigeria. Who drops out of school and why texas civil rights project. Some drop out of schools voluntarily while others are forced to do so under terrible circumstances. This graph figure 1, based on data from the annual economic report brought out by the government of kerala on school dropouts, shows that trends have remained the same through the years 2005 to 2009 with the overall rate remaining fairly constant. F ailure to complete high school has been recognized as a social problem in the united states for decades and, as discussed below, the individual and social costs of dropping out are considerable. It is estimated that dropouts have cost the state of mississippi a substantial amount in terms of higher crime and incarceration rates, increased welfare, and more dependence on public welfare wright, 2008. Challenge for universalisation of education in india, factors affecting school dropouts in india, reasons for school dropouts in india, school dropouts in india. Teenagers suffering from drug addiction, alcoholism, pregnancy or financial problems are very likely to drop out. Here is an insight into the top 10 common reasons why students drop out of school.
Methods of data collection were questionnaires, interviews and analysis of class registers and. Overall, the dropout rate has declined considerably, from 15 percent in 1970 to 6 percent in 2016. The major factors that influence basic school dropout in. High school dropouts of todays generation are very alarming and disappointing to see the amount of teens that have made the ultimate decision to give up. Yet identifying the causes of dropping out is extremely difficult to do because, like other forms of educational achievement e. Academic mediation theory research has shown that poor academic achievement is one of the strongest predictors of high school dropout. For this indicator, high school dropouts are defined as individuals, ages 16 to 24, who were not currently enrolled in school and had not completed high school or obtained a ged. The perceived causes of dropout are complex and tend to vary for boys and girls. According to the united nations childrens fund unicef, school dropouts have some main causes. Furthermore, high school dropouts are three times more likely to. Students who dont complete high school are usually eligible to take ged tests. The paper looks at understanding the plight of children who have dropped out of schools and finds that they are actually pushed out of school. Factors contributing to secondary school outcome as well as a strong predictor of the future social and economic success of students. Methods of data collection were questionnaires, interviews and analysis of class registers and statistical returns to ministry of education.
Causes of student absenteeism and school dropouts article pdf available in international journal of instruction 91. This theory examines the mediation effect of poor academic achievement on other factors, such as deviant affiliation, personal deviance, family socialization and. Factors contributing to secondary school dropouts in an. It sought to find out the rates of dropouts, which level of primary school was dropout highest, which causes affected which sex, and the ratios of male dropout to female dropouts. In fact, the alliance for excellent education 2008 explained that if the dropouts in the class of.
The study found that poverty, child labour, teenage pregnancy and distance to school are the major causes of dropout in the asunafo south district. Dropouts from the national education longitudinal study of 1988 eighth graders reported a wide variety of reasons for those who dropped out. The causes and effects of girl child dropout at chadzamira secondary school may thus be relevant to the rural schools wishing to confront this phenomenon. However, the true magnitude of this problem is not apparent until the number of dropouts over this fiveyear period is enumerated. The case study of mbeya, dar es salaam and kilimanjaro regions in partial fulfillment of requirements for the masters degree of education in administration planning and policy studies apps of the open university of tanzania. It forms the base of a persons life making them efficient in all disciplines, at least on the optimum level. Dropouts are not just affecting their own lives, but they are costing our economy as well. The status and causes of secondary school students. Therefore, the study specifically addresses the following issues. The school dropout it is the phenomenon in which the student stops attending the classrooms and stays out of the educational system without receiving a school diploma. Children in ghana face a number of obstacles that prevent their full participation in society.
School dropout leads to failure in social integration, and as a result greatly diminishes a persons chances to achieve personal success in legally accepted fields of activity. Specif ically, dropouts and graduates with no postsecondary education. Received 19 october 2010, accepted 24 november 2010, published 31 december 2010. Pdf a case study into the causes of school dropout pratima sahu academia. As figure 4 shows, half 50% of all junior and senior high school students are expected to drop out, as opposed to. The cause of a student dropping out is often termed as the antecedent of dropout. Causes of pupil drop out in primary schools in uganda. Gender perspectives on causes and effects of school dropouts. Causes of school dropout among students in nigeria. Pdf the analysis tries to emphasize the differences that exist between eu countries in relation to size of school dropout. Povertyrelated causes of school dropout dilemma of the. The goal is to identify causes of dropouts, which are related to. It is intended to be prac tical and easy for teachers and school leaders to use. What are problems that cause students to drop out of school.
Those girls in third level, grades nine and ten, only 15 out of 100 were in school unesco, 2009. The paper outlines the main causes of drop out and provides two country case studies. Keralarates of school dropout in different classes. The complexity of this phenomenon is illustrated by the variety of reasons that dropouts report for leaving school. To examine the magnitude of secondary school students drop out rate in the zone. Introduction education is the basic requirement for human development. Improper application of education acts and regulations was also found to be among the factors for student to drop out of school. It included 35,472 high school sophomores and the dropout causes they had reported. No reason can be big enough and act as a replacement for school education. Their biggest concern is that school dropouts destabilize communities through delinquent behavior and early marriage. The prevention and reduction of this phenomenon are extremely.
This phenomenon is usually seen in latin america, given that it is a region with high dropout rates. Chadzamira secondary school, as a rural school dramatically affected by girl child dropouts, in a way represents other zimbabwean rural schools with the same problem. Trends in high school dropout and completion rates in the. Girls also can more drop out because of absenteeism due to child labour or household work. Several factors contribute to poor academic performance and high school dropout among students in resettlement schools in zimbabwe. For instance, teenage pregnancy among girl is commonly associated with frequent absence from school initially, then permanent and or temporary dropout.
It was a private study of 35,472 high school sophomores and seniors conducted by educational testing services from a national science foundation grant eckland, 1972. In zimbabwe, the ministry of education conducted a study in 1995 on school dropouts ministry of education 1995 and found that pupils from low socioeconomic backgrounds dropped out of school to seek employment. Volume 3, number 4, 2010 a case study into the causes of school dropout gabriela chirtes abstract. In so doing the major hindrance to this study was the onavailability of data distinguishing. In 2016, the event dropout rate for 15 to 24yearolds from families in the lowest income quarter 1.
However, it can be difficult to fight a problem that society. Social scientists, policy makers, journalists, and the public have pondered questions about why students drop out, how many drop out, what happens to dropouts, and how young. Understanding why students drop out of high school, according to. Pdf the phenomenon of school dropout is perceived as a process that is caused by a variety of factors. Multiple factors in elementary or middle school may influence students attitudes, behaviors, and performance in high school prior to dropping out. School dropout, girls education, educational inequality. The study recommends, among other things, that the government. Teenagers suffering from drug addiction, alcoholism, pregnancy or financial problems are very likely to. When examined individually, each of these five school years reflect a disquieting school dropout rate. To point out major factors that make secondary school students drop out in the zone. This guide synthesizes the best publicly available research and shares practices that are supported by evidence. What factors cause students to leave school before graduation.